ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the epidemic characteristics of cholera in Chongming Island from 1962 to 2018 and provide evidence for administrative intervention. Methods Data of cholera reports were collected in Chongming Island from 1962 to 2018 and epidemiological characteristics were described. Results From 1962 to 2018, cholera cases were reported in 35 years in Chongming Island.A total of 1 812 cases of cholera were documented with average annual incidence being 5.12/100 000.In addition, there were 545 carriers identified with average annual proportion being 1.54/100 000.The dominant strain was Ogawa 1b in 1962-1978, 1984-1987 and 1994-1999, Inaba 1d in 1979-1983 and 1988-1993, and O139 in 2000-2018.The majority of the cases were young adults and occurred from May to October. Conclusion It would facilitate the prevention and control of cholera to improve cross-regional and cross-departmental cooperation, supervise foreign aquatic products, regulate catering services in rural areas, strengthen the monitoring of diarrheal diseases, and implement early detection of imported cases and tracking of carriers.
ABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide distribution of Apicom-plexans,which are widely parasitic in human and warm-blooded animals.Due to the factors such as host and geographical distribution,the population structure has rich genetic diversity.At present,the study of the genotype of Toxoplasma gondii and summary papers are relatively few.This paper reviews the biological information that has been reported in the world regarding the toxoplasmosis of birds such as domesticated chickens,ornamental birds,pet birds and wild rare birds,and to provide basis for further research on biological information such as epidemiology of bird toxoplasmosis and population structure of insects.